All pipeline engineers are well aware of the terms hot bending and cold bending. In general, pipelines do not use normal elbows for directional changes. The pipes are bent in a bending machine to the...

The battery limit of a refinery or process plant refers to the physical boundary of the plant beyond which no process equipment or facilities are considered part of the plant. It is the point up to...

You must be aware that the Process Piping Code ASME B31.3-2022 has been issued on 31st January 2023 and it will be applicable in projects from 1st August 2023 onwards. Similar to every new issue of...

Pipe stress analysis is a type of engineering analysis that involves examining the stresses and strains experienced by pipes and their associated components, such as fittings, supports, and flanges....

A hairpin heat exchanger is a type of compact heat exchanger that consists of two U-shaped tubes that are bent in opposite directions and positioned parallel to each other. It is designed to transfer...

Pressure thrust is the thrust force generated by the fluid pressure. This force exists in all pressurized piping systems. Pressure thrust acts at directional changes like elbows, and tee connections,...