Yield strength is the stress level at which a material begins to deform plastically or permanently. In other words, it is the maximum amount of stress that a material can withstand before it starts...

Fluid service in process piping refers to the type of fluid (liquid or gas) that is being transported through a piping system. This includes factors such as the chemical properties of the fluid, its...

The National Association of Corrosion Engineers International (NACE) is a professional organization that focuses on corrosion prevention and control. NACE International was founded in 1943 and is...

Residual stress is the stress that remains in a material after all external loads and constraints have been removed. In the context of pipe stress analysis, residual stress refers to the stress that...

All pipeline engineers are well aware of the terms hot bending and cold bending. In general, pipelines do not use normal elbows for directional changes. The pipes are bent in a bending machine to the...

The battery limit of a refinery or process plant refers to the physical boundary of the plant beyond which no process equipment or facilities are considered part of the plant. It is the point up to...